Eating behaviors and associated factors among preschool children in Tongling City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the eating behaviors and associated factors among preschool children from multiple child families, so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy eating habits in this population.@*Methods@#From April to June 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to selected 2 647 guardians of preschool children in 11 kindergartens in Tongling City. Parenting style questionnaire, Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulty Questionnaire (IMFeD), Caregiver s Feeding Style Questionnaire (CFSQ) and a self designed questionnaire were administered. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing eating behaviors among preschool children.@*Results@#In the study, the detection of eating behavior problems among preschool children was 71.4%, and the detection of reduced appetite was the highest (55.6%). The detection rates of anorexia, picky eating, poor eating and improper eating behavior in only child families were higher (60.6%, 41.0%, 32.0%, 19.5%), compared with those in multiple child families (51.7%, 36.4%, 27.2%, 16.6%) ( χ 2=20.05, 5.95, 7.16, 3.92, P < 0.05 ). Among multiple child families, the detection rates of fear of eating and underlying disease were the lowest in 5-<10-year-old group (2.3%, 0.6%) ( χ 2=11.54, 8.51, P <0.05). In multiple child families, the detection rates of picky eating and poor eating habits for the first-born child were higher (42.0%, 32.5%), compared with second born and third born child (34.6%, 25.6%)( χ 2= 6.15, 6.38, P <0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that multiplechild families ( β =-1.40), democratic parenting style ( β =-0.07), higher feeding response scores ( β =-0.33) were negatively associated with eating behavior problems among preschool children ( P <0.05). Eating behavior problems among preschool children were positively correlated with less educated mothers [high and junior high school education ( β =0.87), primary school education and below ( β =3.69)], longer average daily screen time ( β =0.10), higher feeding requirements scores ( β =0.64), doting parenting styles ( β =0.21), permissive parenting styles ( β =0.27) and inconsistent parenting styles ( β =0.14)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of the eating behaviors problems among preschool children is high in schools. Greater attention should be paid to only child and first born child of multiple child families, and appropriate feeding and parenting styles, so as to promote healthy eating habits among this population.

Analysis of current γ knife stability testing status in medical institutions / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.

Analysis of 131I radiation internal exposure in nuclear medicine staff of eight hospitals in Guangdong Province / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective （ ） To evaluate the internal exposure levels and risk in nuclear medicine workers NMWs engaged in Methods radionuclide therapy in Guangdong Province. A total of 61 NMWs from eight hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as the study subjects using the convenient sampling method. The 0.364 MeV full energy peak efficiency was detected in （ ） in vitro ， - deltoid muscle of right upper arm as background and thyroid gland by direct measurement method and the iodine 131 （131 ） Results ，131 I activity in thyroid gland was calculated to evaluate the internal irradiation level. Among the 61 NMWs I was ， detected in the thyroid gland of four nuclear medical staffs in three hospitals and the detection rate was 6.6%. The median and - ［M（ P-P ）］ 131 （ - ） 0 100 percentile 0 100 of thyroid I activity were 42.9 35.1 47.1 Bq. When assuming that the monitoring period was ， M（ P-P ） （ - ） ， 30 days the 0 100 of single committed effective dose in thyroid gland was 0.014 0.011 0.015 mSv and the annual dose （ - ） Conclusion of internal irradiation was 0.162 0.132 0.180 mSv/a. The internal exposure of NMWs in the eight hospitals in （ ） ， Guangdong Province meets the annual effective dose limits ≤20.000 mSv/a . However it is necessary to pay attention to the internal radiation protection of NMWs and take reasonable protective measures to reduce the internal exposure risk of NMWs.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein level and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

Recent publications have investigated the potential role of the protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, no unanimous conclusion was obtained. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to explore the association between MMP-1 expression and these two clinical disorders. After database searching and screening, we enrolled a total of eighteen articles for the pooled analysis. We observed a significant association between RA cases and controls in the whole population [SMD (standard mean difference)=1.01, P=0.017]. There were similar positive results in the subgroup analysis of "population-based control" (SMD=1.50, P=0.032) and "synovial fluid" (SMD=1.32, P=0.049). In addition, we observed an increased risk in OA cases, compared with controls, in the overall analysis (SMD=0.47, P=0.004) and subsequent subgroup analysis of "knee OA" (SMD=0.86, P<0.001), "Asian/China" (SMD=0.76, P=0.003), "cartilage-Asian/China" (SMD=1.21, P<0.001), and "synovial fluid-Asian/China" (SMD=0.73, P=0.004). In summary, a high protein level of MMP-1 in synovial fluid may be associated with the susceptibility to RA, and the high MMP-1 level in the cartilage tissue or synovial fluid may be related to the pathogenesis of knee OA in the Chinese population. This should be confirmed by larger sample sizes.

MicroRNA-369 attenuates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation via targeting TRPV3

Hypoxia-induced apoptosis and inflammation play an important role in cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction (MI). miR-369 has been suggested to be a key regulator of cardiac fibrosis. However, the role of miR-369 in regulating hypoxia-induced heart injury remains unknown. Our data indicated that miR-369 expression was significantly down-regulated and TRPV3 was significantly up-regulated in myocardial tissue after MI in rats and in hypoxic-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). In addition, we observed that hypoxia significantly promoted apoptosis and the inflammatory response, accompanied by increased caspase-3 activity and the secretion of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. miR-369 overexpression significantly suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory factor production triggered by hypoxia, whereas miR-369 inhibition had an opposite effect. Importantly, we identified TRPV3 as a direct target of miR-369-3p. TRPV3 inhibition with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis, which can reverse the injury effects of miR-369 inhibitors. Our findings indicated that miR-369 reduced hypoxia-induced apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TRPV3.

Involvement of HSP90 in ischemic postconditioning-induced cardioprotection by inhibition of the complement system, JNK and inflammation

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is involved in complement regulation in ischemic postconditioning (IPC). Methods The left coronary artery of rats underwent 30 min of occlusion, followed by 120 min of reperfusion and treatment with IPC via 3 cycles of 30s reperfusion and 30s occlusion. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) after anesthesia. Eighty rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), IPC and IPC + GA. Myocardial infarct size, apoptosis index and the expression of HSP90, C3, C5a, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were assessed. Results Compared with the I/R injury, the IPC treatment significantly reduced infarct size, release of troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, C3, C5a and JNK expression levels. However, all these effects were abrogated by administration of the HSP90 inhibitor GA. Conclusion HSP90 exerts a profound effect on IPC cardioprotection, and may be linked to the inhibition of the complement system and JNK, ultimately attenuating I/R-induced myocardial injury and apoptosis.

Discovery and Verification of Multi-component Chinese Medicine with Anti-tumor Activity from Shuanghuanglian / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The methods of network pharmacology were adopted to predict Multi-component Chinese Medicine （MCCM） with anti-tumor activity from Shuanghuanglian （SHL）. Furthermore， the pharmaceutical activity of CT26 colon cancer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Method:Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database （TCMSP）， the Handbook of Active Components Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine， the Drugbank database， the Reactome database， and the Human protein reference database （HPRD）， the protein-protein interactions network （PPI） and the drug target network were built and resolved. The data was mined to discover the pharmacological effect. The anti- tumor activity of components from SHL was determined based on the nearest distance rule between the compounds and the nodes of network. And then， the anti-tumor effect of the MCCM was verified in vitro and in vivo. Result:The 3 combined compounds， baicalin， forsythoside A and chlorogenic acid with the anti-tumor activity from SHL were predicted and discovered. The verification results showed that the combination of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation and migration compared with the control group in vitro （P<0.01）. Among CT26 bearing mice， the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased after the combined administration of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid compared with the model group in vivo （P<0.01）. Conclusion:By the methods of network pharmacology， the anti-tumor activities of component of from SHL were discovered. According to the verification in vitro and in vivo， the combination of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid could play better anti-CT26 tumor activity.

The application of computed tomography-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with microwave ablation for pulmonary tumors

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the technique, safety, efficacy, and clinical value of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with microwave ablation (MWA) therapy for pulmonary tumors. Materials and Methods: CT-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with MWA was performed on 27 tumors in 23 patients who received treatment at our hospital from August 2014 to November 2017. The patients were followed up from 2 to 42 months. The outcomes were evaluated with plain and contrast spiral CT scans. Results: After treatment, lower density and lower CT values than baseline values were observed in the ablated area. The positive rate of biopsy was 81.48%. Seventeen patients had complete remission, four had partial remission, and two had progressive disease, with an effective rate of 91.3%. Until February 2018, 14 patients survived. Seven patients with metastatic lung cancer died of primary tumor progression. Two patients with primary lung cancer also died; one died of a lung infection and the other of cerebral hemorrhage. The 1-year local control rate was 88.9%, and the median progression-free survival was 33 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 91.3%, 69.6%, and 60.9%, respectively. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous coaxial biopsy combined with MWA can improve the quality of life of patients, prolong survival, and improve the survival rate. It is currently one of the most promising interventional treatments

Antibiotics use and drug resistance analysis of neurology patients’ infection

Recent studies have shown that nosocomial infection is an important factor affecting the quality and service level of neurology. Based on the characteristics of neurology patients, the application of antibacterial drugs has certain

particular characteristic. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in neurology patients in 2016- 2017 year, and made statistics on the utilization of antibiotics. The results showed that 84 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the neurology department, including Gram-negative bacteria [44 strains, 52.38%], Gram-positive bacteria [31, 36.9%], and fungi [9, 10.71%]. At the same time, as for the use of antibiotics, the drug category is most cephalosporins and the top 5 antiseptic drugs are cephalosporins, beta lactamase inhibitors, quinolones, aminosides and penicillins. The highest DUI [drug utilization index] value was for cefoperazone tazobactam [1.33], followed by

ceftriaxone Mino [1.20] and ciprofloxacin [1.18]. Clinicians should guide the selection of antimicrobial agents based on the results of etiological examination, and formulate a reasonable treatment plan based on the characteristics of patients, common pathogens and drug resistance

Clinical evaluation of implant-supported prostheses for edentulous patients with ectodermal dysplasia / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of implant-supported prostheses for oral function rehabilitation in patients with ectodermal dysplasia.@*Methods @#Thirteen patients were included in the present study. After bone augmentation, zygomatic implants (ZIs) or regular implants (RIs) were placed, fabrication of dental prostheses were applied, and psychological and oral education was carried out. Implant survival rates, patient satisfaction and other related evaluation indicators were assessed. @*Results@#The ilium was chosen for autogenic bone grafts in two patients. The fibula was used in two other patients and the mandibular ramus in one other patient. One patient was treated through alveolar distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. Guided bone regeneration was applied in seven other patients. Bone graft resorption in the maxilla was observed in one patient; bone augmentation of the mandible was successful in all patients, and no obvious bone resorption was observed. One hundred and eighteen implants were placed, among which 22 were ZIs, and 96 were RIs. Five RIs failed and were removed. The survival rate for ZIs was 100%, and the survival rate for RIs was 94.79%, in a follow up after 3 years. All patients were satisfied with the restoration of their oral function. More than 50% of the patients exhibited self-confidence.@*Conclusion@# Oral function can be restored in edentulous ectodermal dysplasia patients using bone augmentation and implant-supported prostheses, and patient self-confidence can be enhanced. However, the resorption of grafted bone in the anterior region of the maxilla cannot be ignored.

The percentage of resected and ischemic volume determined by a geometric model is a significant predictor of renal functional change after partial nephrectomy

ABSTRACT Purpose The percentage of parenchyma preserved plays a predominant role in predicting renal function after partial nephrectomy (PN). Currently there is no standard method to estimate preserved renal parenchyma. In this study we propose a formula of the percentage of resected and ischemic volume (PRAIV) determined by a geometric model and evaluate the relationships between renal functional change and PRAIV as well as other clinical parameters. Materials and Methods We identified 71 patients who underwent open PN between January 2004 and April 2014. Assuming the kidney to be an ellipsoid with bilaterally equal volume and tumor to be a sphere, we calculated PRAIV by integral calculus. Nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between postoperative 3 and 12 months were recorded. The correlation between percent eGFR reduction, PRAIV, and other clinical parameters were examined. Results On univariate analysis, age (p=0.03), depth of tumor invasion (p=0.004), C index (p=0.003), RAIV (p=0.04), and PRAIV (p<0.001) were correlated with percent reduction of eGFR. However, only age (p=0.007) and PRAIV (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with percent reduction of eGFR on multivariate analysis. Depicting these values along the regression line, we found R2 was 0.194 and 0.073 for PRAIV and age, respectively. Conclusions PRAIV determined by a geometric model is a significant predictor of renal functional change after PN. Using PRAIV, we can estimate percent eGFR reduction preoperatively for better patient consultation and surgical planning.

Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Patients Diagnosed with a Depressive Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported that depression may play a crucial role in the occurrence of vertebral fractures. However, a clear correlation between depressive disorders and osteoporotic fractures has not been established. We explored the association between depressive disorders and subsequent new-onset vertebral fractures. Additionally, we aimed to identify the potential risk factors for vertebral fracture in patients with a depressive disorder. METHODS: We studied patients listed in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database who were diagnosed with a depressive disorder by a psychiatrist. The comparison cohort consisted of age- and sex-matched patients without a depressive disorder. The incidence rate and hazard ratios of subsequent vertebral fracture were evaluated. We used Cox regression analysis to evaluate the risk of vertebral fracture among patients with a depressive disorder. RESULTS: The total number of patients with and without a depressive disorder was 44,812. The incidence risk ratio (IRR) between these 2 cohorts indicated that depressive disorder patients had a higher risk of developing a subsequent vertebral fracture (IRR=1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.26-1.57, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the depressive disorder cohort showed a higher risk of vertebral fracture than the comparison cohort (adjusted hazard ratio=1.24, 95% CI=1.11-1.38, p<0.001). Being older than 50 years, having a lower monthly income, and having hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, or osteoporosis were considered predictive factors for vertebral fracture in patients with depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive disorders may increase the risk of a subsequent new-onset vertebral fracture.

Tetramethylpyrazine protects Schwann cells from ischemia-like injury and increases cell survival in cold ischemic rat nerves

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major active ingredient of Ligusticum wallichi Franchat extract (a Chinese herb), exhibits neuroprotective properties in ischemia. In this study, we assessed its protective effects on Schwann cells (SCs) by culturing them in the presence of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and measuring cell survival in cold ischemic rat nerves. In the OGD-induced ischemic injury model of SCs, we demonstrated that TMP treatment not only reduced OGD-induced cell viability losses, cell death, and apoptosis of SCs in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited LDH release, but also suppressed OGD-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax and caspase-3, as well as inhibited the consequent activation of caspase-3. In the cold ischemic nerve model, we found that prolonged cold ischemic exposure for four weeks was markedly associated with the absence of SCs, a decrease in cell viability, and apoptosis in preserved nerve segments incubated in University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) alone. However, TMP attenuated nerve segment damage by preserving SCs and antagonizing the decrease in nerve fiber viability and increase in TUNEL-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that TMP not only provides protective effects in an ischemia-like injury model of cultured rat SCs by regulating Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3, but also increases cell survival and suppresses apoptosis in the cold ischemic nerve model after prolonged ischemic exposure for four weeks. Therefore, TMP may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for preventing peripheral nervous system ischemic diseases and improving peripheral nerve storage.

Tetrametilpirazina (TMP), o principal componente do extrato de Ligusticum wallichi Franchat (erva chinesa), apresenta propriedades neuroprotetoras na isquemia. Nesse estudo, avaliamos seus efeitos protetores nas células de Schwann (SC), cultivando-as na presença de condições de depleção de oxigênio da glicose (OGD) e medindo a sobrevivência dos nervos de ratos isquêmicos pelo resfriamento. No modelo de lesão isquêmica em SC induzida por OGD, demonstramos que o tratamento com TMP não somente reduziu as perdas de viabilidade celular induzida por OGD, a morte celular, a apoptose de SC dose-dependente e inibiu a liberação de LDH, mas, também, suprimiu a infra-regulação do Vcl-2 e a supra-regulação de Bax e caspase-3, e inibiu a consequente ativação da caspase-3. No modelo de nervo isquêmico por resfriamento, observamos que a exposição prolongada ao resfriamento por quatro semanas estava, marcadamente, associada com a ausência de SC, com o decréscimo da viabilidade celular e a apoptose em segmentos de nervo incubados na solução da Universidade de Wisconsin apenas. Entretanto, a TMP atenuou o dano no segmento do nervo preservando SC e antagonizando a diminuição da viabilidade da fibra nervosa e o aumento das células TUNEL-positiva de modo dose-dependente. De forma conjunta, nossos resultados indicam que o TMP não só fornece efeitos protetores em um modelo de dano semelhante à isquemia de SC de ratos cultivados pela regulação de BCl-2, Bax e caspase 3, mas, também, aumenta a sobrevivência celular e suprime a apoptose no modelo de isquemia por resfriamento por exposição prolongada por quatro semanas. Então, TMP pode ser uma estratégia terapêutica eficaz para prevenir doenças isquêmicas do sistema nervoso periférico e melhora a armazenagem do nervo periférico.

MSCT imaging research on atlanto-axial joint in rotary functional position / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide quantitative foundation for the diagnosis of atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation by analyzing the various imaging features of normal atlanto-axial joints in neutral position and rotary functional position on the MSCT images.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one normal volunteers were examined by CT on the atlanto-axial joint in neutral position and rotary functional position. By the observation and measurement of atlanto-dental interval (ADI), lateral atlanta-dental space (LADS), VBLADS and rotating angle of atlas on dentate (RAAD), the imaging manifestations and anatomical characteristics were analyzed and compared. In order to compare VBLADS and RAAD and make a correlation analysis between different age groups, 51 normal volunteers were divided into two groups: age younger than 45 years old group and age older than or equal to 45 years old group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dens in neutral position deviated in an angle range of (3.22±0.89)°. The articular facets of lateral atlantoaxial joint in rotary functional position had rotatory displacement and the range of the relative rotation angle was (33.85± 2.79)°. Through the correlation analysis of matching data, it could be concluded that there was no correlation between atlantoaxial relative rotation angle and VBLADS within a certain range. There were statistically differences of atlantoaxial relative rotation angle in rotary functional position between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT imaging in rotary functional position can clearly show the anatomical structure and rotation function of a normal atlanto-axial joint, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of atlanto axial rotatory subluxation.</p>

Training mode requirement analysis on in-service postgraduateswho major in health service management / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To provide references for enhancing the connection between the need of society and the training mode of in-service postgraduates who major in health service management by analyzing the existing and potential in-service postgraduates' potential trainingwishes andexpectations.Methods Questionnaire surveys,which involved basic information,motivations and aspirations on the advanced studies,understandings and suggestions on the cultivating mode,were conducted among in-service postgraduates(Grade 2010 through Grade 2012) who major in health service management in BUCM and staffs in the departments of corresponding postgraduates.Data including 128 validated questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics in excel.Results The data indicated that further education was welcomed by 87 in-service postgraduates(85.3％ of the survey samples),who had astrong willing to further study.Specifically,the following tendencies were obtained:interdisciplinary training combining research and practice was approved by 71 in-service postgraduates (55.5％ of the samples); career-oriented talent training mode was accepted by 90 in-service postgraduates(70.2％ of the samples); 79 in-service postgraduates (61.7％ of the samples) believed courses should include both theory and practice educations; flexible educational system was welcomed by 77 in-service postgraduates(60.0％ of the samples) ; 61(47.7％) in-service postgraduates wished to attend class on week-ends while 45 (35.0％) wished to attend class in evenings; group instruction method was recommended by 73(57.0％) in-service postgraduates; 104(81.3％) believed double-tutors system should be applied to academic dissertation,and the academic dissertation could be all kinds of research papers such as investigation report,which was approved by 97 (75.6％) in-service postgraduates.Conclusions Through the above analysis,it can be validated that education on in-service postgraduates who major in health service management is worthy of further development.Finally,colleges and universities are suggested to optimize the training mode in four aspects including training objective,curriculum provi-sion,teaching methods and graduation thesis.

Effects of Dangguibuxue Tang, a Chinese herbal medicine, on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chicks

The effects of Dangguibuxue Tang (DBT) on growth performance and immunity response in immunosuppressed broiler chicks were investigated in this study. 240 one-d-old broiler chicks (DaHeng S01) were randomly divided into 4 groups, 2.0% DBT-treatment (A), 0.5% DBT-treatment (B), cyclophosphamide-control (C), and control group (D). From 4 d to 7 d of age, chicks in group A, B and C were given cyclophosphamide (CY) at a dosage of 100mg/kg body weight (BW) daily by intraperitoneal injection to induce immunosuppression. Chicks in group D were given an equal volume of physiological saline daily by intraperitoneal injection and considered normal chicks. Groups A and B were supplemented with 2.0% or 0.5% of DBT in the drinking water from 8 d to 42 d of age. Groups C and D did not receive any additional medication. The results revealed that chicks from group B had lower feed:gain rate (FGR), lower total mortality, higher immunity organ indexes, higher levels of Newcastle disease (ND) antibody and infectious bursal disease (IBD) antibody, higher interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 levels, and greater lymphocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin A (ConA) during the experiment than those from group C. However, no significant difference in the immunity status in the two levels of DBT-treatment was observed. These results indicate that supplementation of 0.5% of DBT can improve both cellular immunity and humoral immunity in immunosuppressed broiler chicks.

Autophagy: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer’s disease.

Autophagy is a major protein degradation pathway that is essential for stress-induced and constitutive protein turnover. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that amyloid-β (Aβ) protein can be generated in autophagic vacuoles, promoting its extracellular deposition in neuritic plaques as the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular machinery for Aβ generation, including APP, APP-C99 and β-/γ-secretases, are all enriched in autophagic vacuoles. The induction of autophagy can be vividly observed in the brain at early stages of sporadic AD and in an AD transgenic mouse model. Accumulated evidence has also demonstrated a neuroprotective role of autophagy in mediating the degradation of aggregated proteins that are causative of various neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is thus widely regarded as an intracellular hub for the removal of the detrimental Aβ peptides and Tau aggregates. Nonetheless, compelling data also reveal an unfavorable function of autophagy in facilitating the production of intracellular Aβ. The two faces of autophagy on the homeostasis of Aβ place it in a very unique and intriguing position in ADpathogenesis. This article briefly summarizes seminal discoveries that are shedding new light on the critical and unique roles of autophagy in AD and potential therapeutic approaches against autophagy-elicited AD.

Effect of electroacupuncture on the cognitive function and plasma antibodies against beta-amyloid protein in aged rats with ketamine anesthesia / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the changes of behavior after ketamine anesthesia, and changes of serum antibodies against beta-amyloid (Abeta) and Abeta protein in the hippocampus of aged rats, thus exploring the effects of EA on the cognitive dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty 14-month old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i. e. , the control group (Group A), the ketamine anesthesia group (Group B), and the EA+ketamine anesthesia group (Group C), 10 in each group. 50 mg/kg katemine was intraperitoneally injected to rats in Group B and Group C, once daily for 7 successive days. EA was performed to rats in Group C from the 1st day of the experiment after rats awoke completely from anesthesia, twice daily for 7 successive days. Changes of the ratio of the swim time in the original platform quadrant to the total swim time and the escape latency phase were observed by Morris water maze. The peripheral blood was withdrawn by the end of the experiment. Serum anti-Abeta antibody contents were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of Abeta in the hippocampus were detected using Westen blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Long-term application of ketamine could lower aged rats' cognitive function. In the navigation test, the escape latency phase of rats in Group B was significantly prolonged ( P < 0.01) . On the 7th day of the experiment, the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05), while the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (P < 0.01). On the 7th day of the experiment, the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus was higher in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA could increase the contents of anti-Abeta antibodies in aged rats with ketamine anesthesia, decrease the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus, alleviate the deposition of Abeta, thus improving rats' cognitive dysfunction.</p>

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke is the basis for epidemiological investigation, risk factor screening developing individualized treatment plan and prognostic measures. The etiologic classifications, such as TOAST, CCS, and ASCO, are more generally accepted methods at present. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages from the diagnostic criteria and clinical application.

Serum lipid metabolism cadres in the longevity of the elderly population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics of serum lipid metabolism in cadres aged 90 and above.Methods A total of 105 in-patient cadres aged 90 and above were assigned to the longevity group,and another 85 in-patient cadres aged 60 to 80 years were used as controls.Medical history of the participants were retrospectively reviewed,and serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apoB,apoA-I,Lp(a)and body mass index(BMI)were tested.Results Compared with the control group,TC,TG,LDL-C,apoB and non-HDL-C were significantly decreased in the longevity group[3.90 +0.89 vs 4.36 ± 1.06,0.89(0.57)vs 1.16(0.69),2.35 ±0.72 vs 2.70 ±0.88,0.68 ±0.19 vs 0.75 ±0.22,2.69 ±0.79 vs 3.18 ± 1.00,respectively].However,HDL-C/TC and HDL-C/LDL-C were significantly increased in the longevity group [0.32 ±0.084 vs 0.28 ±0.082,0.52(0.22)vs 0.43(0.28),respectively].Lp(a)of the longevity group was higher than that of the control group,although no statistically significant difference was found.BMI of the longevity group was significantly lower than that of the control group.In the longevity group,the percentage of individual who were combined with hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and overweight/fat was lower (24.8％ vs 43.5％).Conclusions Serum lipid level is relatively lower in cadres aged 90 and above,and those who are combined with hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and overweight/fat are significantly lower in this populations.